3D Sheet Formation Tester
The 3D Sheet Formation Tester is designed to evaluate the formation uniformity and structural characteristics of paper, paperboard, fiberglass sheets, tissue paper, towels, and other sheet-like materials. It measures optical density variations across a specimen to generate quantitative data on formation, fiber flocs, local defects, basis-weight distribution characteristics, and internal variation.
The instrument uses a focused laser beam to scan the specimen pixel by pixel, measuring optical density variations across a large test area of 320 cm² (160 × 200 mm). This independent point-scanning method helps reduce errors associated with light scattering and reflection in conventional camera-based imaging systems.
The analyzer supports different optical sensitivity settings, allowing users to adjust the detection of flocs and sheet defects according to testing requirements. High-resolution scanning can distinguish up to 128 floc size classes. Optional surface-scanning optics are also available for characterizing sheet surfaces and comparing wire-side and felt-side properties.
Application
(1) Bond paper, writing paper, and copy paper.
(2) Coated paper, colored paper, and recycled paper.
(3) Paperboard, cardboard, and packaging paper.
(4) Tissue paper, paper towels, and other absorbent paper products.
(5) Fiberglass sheets and other suitable sheet materials.
(6) Nonwoven sheets and other compatible web materials.
(7) Paper formation evaluation, fiber floc analysis, and local defect detection.
(8) Paper manufacturing research, process optimization, and quality control.
Standards
ISO 536:2019 — Paper and board — Determination of grammage
ISO 187:2022 — Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
Parameters
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Measurement principle | Focused laser-beam optical density scanning |
| Scanning area | 320 cm² |
| Scanning dimensions | 160 × 200 mm |
| Scanning method | Independent pixel-by-pixel measurement |
| Optical sensitivity | Adjustable |
| Floc size classification | Up to 128 size classes |
| Scanning resolution | High-resolution mode; described as double the previous resolution |
| Optional measurement function | Surface scanning using optional optical components |
| Analyzed characteristics | Formation index, floc distribution, local defects, optical density variation, and basis-weight distribution characteristics |
Features
(1) Large-area scanning of 320 cm² in a single test.
(2) Focused laser-beam measurement of optical density at individual pixel locations.
(3) Quantitative evaluation of sheet formation and floc distribution.
(4) Detection and analysis of local sheet defects and low-density areas.
(5) Adjustable optical sensitivity for selecting relevant floc sizes and defects.
(6) High-resolution scanning with up to 128 floc size classes.
(7) Analysis of optical density variation and internal sheet uniformity.
(8) Optional surface-scanning optics for evaluating sheet-surface characteristics.
(9) Comparison of wire-side and felt-side surface properties when the appropriate optical configuration is installed.
(10) Suitable for laboratory analysis, papermaking research, process development, and product quality control.
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